AvR 1 Rvbyqvwi, †h eQiwU ïiæ n‡jv Zv‡K Avgiv ej‡ev 2010 mvj| AvR 2010 mv‡ji beel©| wKš‘ GB mvj‡K Ges bee‡l©i cÖ_g w`b‡K †Kvb bv‡g AwfwnZ Ki‡ev? aviYv Kwi, cÖvq mevB ej‡eb, GUv wK †Kv‡bv cÖkœ n‡jv? bZzb mvj‡K ej‡ev Ô2010 Bs‡iwRÕ mvj, Avi AvR‡Ki w`bwU‡K ej‡ev Bs‡iwR bee‡l©i cÖ_g w`b| cÖvq mevB GB aiZvB eywj D”PviY Ki‡jI `ywU DËiB fzj| AvR †h beel© ïiæ n‡”Q Zv Bs‡iwR e‡l©i cÖ_g w`b bv Ges eQiwU ev cwÄKvel©wUi bvg Bs‡iwR mvj ev mb bq| †KD †KD G‡K wLª÷xq mb ev wLª÷xq K¨v‡jÛv‡ii mb e‡j, Zv ejvI Am½Z| GB mb ev GB mv‡ji cwÄKv Abyhvqx w`bÿY MYbvi †h wbqgKvbyb cÖ¯ÍvweZ n‡qwQj Ges bvbv ms¯‹v‡ii ga¨ w`‡q GLb †h cÖvq mviv c„w_exe¨vcx cÖPwjZ mvjwU Avgiv cvw”Q I ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b e¨envi KiwQÑ Zvi cÖ¯Íve, cÖPjb I ms¯‹v‡ii m‡½ Bs‡iR RvwZi †Kv‡bv m¤úK© †bB; eis `xN©Kvje¨vcx we‡ivwaZvi BwZnvm Av‡Q| Zviv GB mvj †kl ch©šÍ Ab¨ A‡bK †`‡ki g‡Zv MÖnY K‡i‡Q, wKš‘ †m eû eû eQi c‡i| ZvB GB mvj GLb Ab¨ A‡b‡Ki †hgb, †Zgwb Zv‡`iI| GB mvj cÖeZ©‡bi K…wZZ¡ Bs‡iR‡`i †`qvi †Kv‡bv Dcvq †bB|
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K¨v‡jÛv‡ii BwZnvm RwUj, ZvQvov Gi m‡½ gvby‡li Av‡eM-Abyf‚wZi Mfxi †hvM _v‡K| ZvB ms¯‹vi KvRI Lye mnR nqwb| K¨v‡jÛv‡ii BwZnvm wb‡q NuvUvNuvwU Ki‡j `ywU welq cÖvPxb K¨v‡jÛv‡i †`Lv hvqÑ 1. †ewkifvM el©cwćZB eQi 354 w`‡b| AZGe Gme K¨v‡jÛvi wQj P›`ªel©wfwËK ev Puv‡`i wnmveg‡Zv| †hgb Px‡b 354 w`b, wMÖ‡K 354 w`b, Bûw`‡`i 354 w`b Ges wnRwi 354 w`‡b| Z‡e Pv›`ª K¨v‡jÛvi n‡jI Rywjqvm wmRv‡ii Av‡Mi †ivgvb K¨v‡jÛv‡i wQj 304 w`‡b eQi| 700 wLª÷-c~e©v‡ãi ms¯‹v‡ii d‡j nq 355 w`‡b; 2. cÖvq me †`‡k eQ‡ii ïiæ n‡Zv em‡šÍ| evsjv mbI GLb em‡šÍi c‡i MÖx®§Kv‡j ïiæ nq| Av‡M bvwK AMÖnvq‡Y ïiæ n‡Zv| cÖvPxb †ivgvb‡`i el© ïiæi gv‡mi bvg wQj ÔgvwZ©qymÕ, G‡K GLb ejv nq gvP©| Gi c‡ii gvm wZbwU AvwcÖjm, gvBqym, BqwbqymÑ GLbKvi GwcÖj, †g I Ryb| Gme †`e‡`exi bv‡g Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÂg gv‡mi bvg wQj KzBwšÍ wjm Avi lô gv‡mi bvg †m·wZwjm| Gi c‡ii bvg¸‡jv cÖvq eZ©gvb Kv‡ji g‡Zv †m‡ß¤^i, A‡³vei Avi †`‡K¤^^i| c‡ii `yB gvm kx‡Zi gvm, ZLb gvbyl A‡bKUv we‡PZb (Hibernation) Ae¯’vq P‡j †h‡Zv, Rxeb ¯’wei n‡q co‡Zv| we‡PZb gvby‡li Avevi w`b-gv‡mi Kx cÖ‡qvRb? ZvB G gvm `ywUi †Kv‡bv bvgB †bB, eQ‡ii wnmve †_‡KI ev`, A_©vr GLbKvi bZzb eQ‡ii cÖ_g gvm I wØZxq gvm Rvbyqvwi-†deªæqvwi, ZLbKvi cwÄKvi †kl `yÕgv‡mi Aw¯ÍZ¡B wQj bv| c‡i Aek¨ Zv‡`i bvgKiY Kiv nq `yB †`eZvi bv‡g Rvbym ev Bqvbyqvwiqym Avi †deªæqvwiqym| GB `yB gv‡mi bvgKi‡Yi Av‡M †h 10 gv‡mi Aw¯ÍZ¡ wQj Zv‡Z gvP©, †g, RyjvB (KzBwšÍwjm) Avi A‡±vei wQj 31 w`‡b, evwK Qq gvm 30 w`b K‡i| d‡j eQ‡ii w`‡bi msL¨v wQj 304| 304 w`‡b eQi, Lye AevK e¨vcvi, ZvB bv! IB †h kx‡Zi `yB gvm we‡PZb Ae¯’vq _vK‡Zv, ZLb Avi w`bÿ‡Yi wnmve w`‡q Kx n‡e! ZvB IB `yB gvm ev` eQi †_‡K| gvP© gv‡m em‡šÍi nvIqv Mv-Mig n‡j bZzb eQ‡ii Avevi mvgvwRK Rxeb I w`b-Zvwi‡Li wnmve ïiæ| GB wQj †mKv‡ji †ivgK‡`i e¨e¯’v|
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Avgiv Gevi †ivgvb K¨v‡jÛv‡ii ms¯‹v‡ii K_v ewj| wLª÷c~e© 700 mv‡ji w`‡K †ivgvb K¨v‡jÛv‡ii ms¯‹vi ïiæ nq| ivRv bygv cw¯úwjqym mevB‡K kxZKv‡ji `xN© Nyg †_‡K RvwM‡qwQ‡jb| A_©vr wZwb Rvbym ev Bqvbyqvwiqym (†h †`eZvi GK cv Av‡M I Av‡iK cv wQj †cQ‡b) Avi †deªæqvwiqym bv‡gi `yB †`eZv‡K K¨v‡jÛv‡i ¯’vcb K‡i Pvjy Ki‡jb Rvbyqvwi I †deªæqvwi gvm| ZLb Pv›`ª eQ‡ii wbqg wn‡m‡e eQ‡i w`‡bi msL¨v nIqvi K_v 354| wKš‘ G wb‡q †`Lv w`j bZzb d¨vKov| cwð‡gi `ywbqvq Ô†ZiÕ msL¨v‡K †hgb Aïf fvev nq, †ivgvb‡`i †Zgwb ms¯‹vi wQj †Rvo msL¨v‡K wb‡q| ms¯‹viRwbZ fq Zv‡`i K¨v‡jÛvi ms¯‹v‡iI cÖfve †dj‡jv| d‡j 31 w`‡bi gvm¸‡jv †e‡Rvo e‡j wU‡K †Mj| wKš‘ 30 w`‡bi gvm¸‡jv n‡q †Mj 29 w`‡bi| bZzb Pvjy Rvbyqvwii †`eZv‡KI 29 w`‡bB Ave× Kiv n‡jv| †m †ÿ‡Î †deªæqvwii Rb¨ 27 w`b wba©viY K‡i w`‡j me SzU-Sv‡gjv wg‡U hvIqvi K_v| wKš‘ Zv †Zv nIqvi bq| †MvUv eQ‡i w`‡bi msL¨v †h Avevi Zv‡Z n‡q hvq 354| †mI †Zv GK Ajÿz‡Y †Rvo msL¨v! mviv eQi a‡i Aï‡fi Qvqvi wb‡P _vK‡Z PvB‡jv bv †ivgvbiv| Z‡e †eDcvq n‡q GKUv gv‡m †Rvo msL¨v †g‡b wbj| a‡i wbj, †`L‡Z †`L‡Z P‡j hv‡e Ggb GKUv gvm| ZvB †kl gvm †deªæqvwi‡K †`qv n‡jv 28 w`b (†deªæqvwi 23 w`‡b †kl n‡Zv Ggb bwRiI Av‡Q)| Zv‡Z eQ‡i w`‡bi msL¨v `uvov‡jv 355| Av‡iv A™¢zZ wKQz wbqg wQj †ivgvb K¨v‡jÛv‡i| hvRK‡`i †h w`b-Zvwi‡Li mymv‡g¨i ÿgZv †`qv n‡qwQj Zvi Ace¨env‡ii ˆbivR¨ †`Lv †`q w`b-gv‡mi wnmve wb‡q| GB AivRK Ae¯’v `~i Kivi Rb¨ Rywjqvm wmRvi †iv‡gi mvaviY cwil‡`i mfvcwZ wn‡m‡e cwÄKv ms¯‹v‡i nvZ †`b| w`b-cwÄKvi e¨vcv‡i gvby‡li ms¯‹vi G‡Zv `„pg~j †cÖvw_Z _v‡K †h, Gi ms¯‹vi Lye KwVb n‡q c‡o| wKš‘ Rywjqvm wmRvi wQ‡jb k³ gvbe Ges ˆ¯^ikvmK| AZGe k³ nv‡ZB wZwb ms¯‹vi Kv‡R nvZ w`‡jb| †iv‡g ZLb hy×weMÖ‡ni Kvi‡Y Ges hvRK‡`i †¯^”QvPvig~jKfv‡e cÖwZ eQi 23 w`b wb‡ek‡bi wbqg iÿv bv Kivq FZzi wnmv‡ei m‡½ K¨v‡jÛv‡ii wnmve wgj wQj bv| d‡j mewKQz IjU-cvjU n‡q hvq|
Rywjqvm wmRvi wLª÷c~e© 46 mv‡j `ywU cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡ÿc wb‡jbÑ GK. mevB hv K‡i †mB g‡Zv 23 w`b wb‡ekb K‡i eQ‡ii m‡½ Av‡iv 67 w`b †hvM K‡i w`‡jb| d‡j †gvU 90 w`b †hvM nIqvq IB eQ‡i w`‡bi msL¨v n‡jv 455| G‡Z 23 w`b wb‡ekb bv Kivq wcwQ‡q cov mgq Avevi wVKVvK n‡jv| d‡j K¨v‡jÛvi ˆbiv‡R¨ †m‡Þ¤^i gv‡mB hv‡Z kx‡Z †Ru‡K em‡Z bv cv‡i, Zvi e¨e¯’v n‡jv| wKš‘ G n‡jv A¨vWnK e¨e¯’v| Gevi Ggb †gŠwjK c`‡ÿc PvB hv‡Z fwel¨‡Z mgq Avi Agb wcwQ‡q co‡Z bv cv‡i| GUv m¤¢e n‡qwQj wmRvi mvsweavwbKfv‡e hvRK‡`iI Zvi wbqš¿‡Y ivL‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb e‡j|
Avgv‡`i †`‡kI †hgb cwÄKvcÖ‡YZviv w`bÿY-wZw_ j‡Mœi K_v e‡j cwÄKvi †ÿ‡Î GK‡PwUqv e¨emvi Rb¨ †¯^”QvPvi Pvjvq, †iv‡gi hvRKivI ZvB Ki‡Zb| d‡j w`b-Zvwi‡Li AivRKZv eÜ Kiv hvw”Qj bv| Rywjqvm wmRvi mvaviY †jv‡Kiv eyS‡Z cv‡i Ggb wKQz mywbw`©ó wbqg †eu‡a w`‡jb| wmRvi P›`ªKjvi m‡½ Rxe‡bi m¤ú‡K©i welqwU LvwiR Ki‡jb| wZwb †mŠi eQi Ges FZzi mgš^‡qi Ici †Rvi w`‡jb| d‡j Pv›`ª eQ‡ii RvqMvq †mŠi eQi Pvjy Kiv n‡jv| Z‡e gvm 12wUB _vK‡jv, wKš‘ Zvi w`b fvM n‡jv Kv‡Ri myweavi w`‡K jÿ¨ †i‡L| Rywjqvm wmRvi hvRK‡`i ev` w`‡q wgm‡ii †R¨vwZwe©Ávbx †mvwm‡R‡bm‡K mfv †R¨vwZwe©Ávbx K‡i Zvi civgk©g‡Zv eQ‡ii w`b msL¨v Ki‡jb 365| G‡Z Aek¨ GKUz Am½wZ _vK‡jv| wmwK w`‡bi wnmve †gjv‡bvi Rb¨ cÖwZ Pvi eQi AšÍi 23 †deªæqvwi‡K `yÕevi MYbv Kiv n‡Zv| †ivgvb‡`i †Rvo msL¨v ms¯‹vi wZwb gvb‡jb bv| d‡j Zvi gv‡mi w`b wefvRb n‡jv Gfv‡eÑ Rvbyqvwi 31, †deªæqvwi 29/30, gvP© 31, GwcÖj 30, †g 31, Ryb 30, RyjvB 31, †m·wZwjk 30, †m‡Þ¤^i 31, A‡±vei 30, b‡f¤^i 31, wW‡m¤^i 30| Rywjqvm wmRvi wb‡Ri bvgI hy³ Ki‡jb G K¨v‡jÛv‡i| Av‡Mi cÂg gvm KzBwšÍwjm Zvi bv‡gi Abym‡½ n‡q †Mj RyjvB Ges Zv 31 w`‡bi gvm|
wmRv‡ii ms¯‹vi wVKg‡Zv eyS‡Z bv cvivq GKUv fzj †_‡K hvq| wmRvi wjcBqvi ev Awael© cÖeZ©b K‡iwQ‡jb Ges e‡jwQ‡jb, `yB Awae‡l©i g‡a¨ dvivK n‡e wZb eQ‡ii| †ivgvbiv cÖ‡Z¨K Z…Zxq eQ‡i Awael© a‡i| wmRvi wbnZ nIqvq G fzj aiv c‡o 38 eQi c‡i| ZLb bqwU Awae‡l©i RvqMvq eviwU Awael© aiv n‡q †M‡Q| bZzb wmRvi AvMv÷vm Gi wb`vb w`‡jb, Gici wZbwU Awael©‡K mvaviY el© ai‡Z n‡e, Zvn‡jB fz‡ji ms‡kvab n‡e| GB ms‡kva‡bi c‡i Av‡Mi wmRv‡ii AbyKi‡Y wZwbI Zvi bvg hy³ Ki‡jb K¨v‡jÛv‡i| ïay ZvB bq, RyjvB‡qi c‡i †m·wZwjk‡K Zvi bv‡g ïay AvM‡÷i bvgKiYB Ki‡jb bv, RyjvB‡qi g‡Zv AvM÷I n‡jv 31 w`‡b| d‡j †m‡Þ¤^i †_‡K 1 w`b †Qu‡U w`‡Z n‡jv| Avi †m‡Þ¤^i †_‡K wW‡m¤^‡ii w`bweb¨vm n‡jv 30, 31, 30, 31 GB µgvbymv‡i| AvMv÷vm wbR bv‡gi gv‡mi GKUv w`b †h evov‡jb, Zvi web¨vmRwbZ L—MUv co‡jv wM‡q IB †deªæqvwi gv‡mi Ici, A_©vr mvaviY gv‡m †deªæqvwi 28 w`‡b, Awae‡l© 29 w`‡b| Rywjqvm wmRv‡ii K¨v‡jÛvi ms¯‹v‡ii 371 eQi ci, A_©vr 325 wLª÷v‡ã Gwkqv gvBb‡ii wb‡Kqv kn‡i wLª÷vb hvRK‡`i GK m‡¤§jb e‡m| Zviv Rywjqvm wmRv‡ii cwÄKv ms¯‹v‡ii GKUv LuyZ †c‡jb| B÷v‡ii Drme D`hvc‡bi Rb¨ evmšÍxwely‡ei w`bwU K‡e c‡o, Zv Rvbv `iKvi| wmRv‡ii †R¨vwZwe©Ávbx †mvwm‡R‡bm †`wL‡qwQ‡jb, 25 gvP© nq emšÍwelye; wKš‘ wb‡Kqvi m‡¤§j‡b †`Lv †Mj Zv n‡e 21 gvP©|
Rywjqvm wmRv‡ii wnmve Abyhvqx eQ‡ii Mo ˆ`N©¨ wQj 365.25 w`b| Avi GLbKvi †R¨vwZwe©Ávbxiv †h wbLuyZ wnmve †ei K‡i‡Qb Zv‡Z 365.2422| GUzKz gvÎ e¨eav‡bi Rb¨ eQ‡i e¨eavb nq 11 wgwbU 14 †m‡K‡Ûi| 325 wLª÷v‡ã wb‡Kqvi m‡¤§j‡bi mgq 371 eQ‡i cÖwZ eQ‡ii 11 wgwbU 14 †m‡KÛ K‡i R‡g R‡g wZbw`‡bi e¨eav‡b `uvwo‡qwQj| nvRvi nvRvi eQi ci GB e¨eavb weivU n‡q hv‡e, ejvB evûj¨| ZvB cÂ`k kZ‡K weÁvbxiv G e¨vcv‡i DwØMœ n‡jb| †iv‡g ZLb ivR‰bwZK ÿgZvi cvjve`j N‡U‡Q| †iv‡gi KZ…©Z¡ ZLb wLª÷e‡l©i cÖavb ¸iæ gnvgvb¨ †cv‡ci Ici| 1582 wLª÷v‡ã †cvc ·qv`k †MÖMwi Rywjqvm wmRv‡ii mgq †_‡K 1257 eQ‡i cÖwZ eQ‡i 0.0078 eQ‡ii fzj R‡g 9.8 w`‡bi `uvwo‡qwQj| †cvc †MÖMwi K¨v‡jÛv‡ii ˆeÁvwbK ms¯‹v‡ii j‡ÿ¨ K¨v‡jÛvi‡K 10 w`b GwM‡q Avbvi ûKzg w`‡jb| d‡j 4 A‡±ve‡ii c‡ii w`bB 15 A‡±vei aiv n‡jv| †MÖMwii ms¯‹v‡i Awae‡l©i e¨vcvi‡KI Av‡iv weÁvbwfwËK Kiv n‡jv| Rywjqvm wmRv‡ii K¨v‡jÛv‡i 400 eQ‡i 100wU Awael© n‡qwQj| G‡Z wZbwU Awael© †ewk aiv nq| ZvB Zv‡K 97wU aiv n‡jv| †MÖMwii ms¯‹v‡i kZvãx †k‡li eQi¸‡jv‡K Pvi w`‡b bq, 400 w`‡q wefvR¨ n‡jB Awael© MY¨ Kivi wbqg Kiv n‡jv| GB wbqg GL‡bv Pj‡Q| GB K¨v‡jÛv‡ii Av‡iv m~² ms¯‹v‡ii cÖ¯Íve Av‡Q| Z‡e †m Ab¨ cÖm½|
Gevi Avgv‡`i wbe‡Üi wk‡ivbv‡gi GwU ÔBs‡iwR beel©Õ †Kb bq, †m cÖm½| cÖ_g K_v n‡jv G K¨v‡jÛv‡ii D™¢e I hveZxq ms¯‹viB n‡q‡Q †iv‡g, Bs‡iR‡`i †`‡k hv Zv‡`i Øviv Gi D™¢veb ev ms¯‹vi wKQzB nqwb| f¨vwUKv‡bi c„ô‡cvlKZvq cÖewZ©Z GB K¨v‡jÛv‡ii we‡ivax wQj Bs‡iRiv| ZvB 170 eQi Bj¨v‡Û Gi cÖPjb †VwK‡q iv‡L Zviv| Gi KviY ag©xq| f¨vwUKvb K¨v_wjK a‡g©i cxV¯’vb| Avi Bsj¨v‡Ûi kvmK I AwaKvsk gvbyl †cÖv‡U÷vb| G‡`i we‡iva †gŠwjK| ZvB 1582 mv‡j K¨v_wjK‡`i †`k BZvwj, d«vÝ, †¯úb, cZz©Mvj f¨vwUKv‡bi ms¯‹viK…Z K¨v‡jÛvi m‡½ m‡½B †g‡b wbj| 1583 mv‡j †g‡b wbj †b`vij¨vÛm I myBRvij¨vÛ, c‡ii eQi Rvg©vwbi ïay K¨v_wjKiv (†cÖv‡U÷vbiv fve‡jv Gi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv m~² ag©xq Pvj Av‡Q)| Ae‡k‡l 1700 mv‡j †MvUv Rvg©vwb‡Z Pvjy n‡jv GB bZzb K¨v‡jÛvi| Bs‡iRiv Av‡iv GK KvwV m‡im| Zviv 1752 mv‡j cvj©v‡g‡›U AvBb cvm K‡i †MÖMwiqvb K¨v‡jÛvi MÖnY K‡i| ZvB G K¨v‡jÛvi‡K †Kv‡bvg‡ZB Bs‡iwR K¨v‡jÛvi ejv hvq bv| AvšÍR©vwZKfv‡e eû †`‡k M„nxZ nIqvi d‡j Gi ¸iæZ¡, gh©v`v I e¨vwß †e‡o‡Q| G K¨v‡jÛvi‡K †ivgvb ev †MÖMwiqvb K¨v‡jÛvi ejv hvq| G‡K Bs‡iwR K¨v‡jÛvi ev Gi cÖ_g w`b‡K Bs‡iwR beel© ejv AÁZvi cwiPvqK| Avi AvR ZvB †ivgvb K¨v‡jÛv‡ii beel© ev AvšÍR©vwZK beel©|

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